标题: Mendelssohn Piano Concerto Collection/门德尔松 钢琴协奏曲合集【PDF.. [打印本页] 作者: 齐少凡 时间: 2013-9-14 01:28 标题: Mendelssohn Piano Concerto Collection/门德尔松 钢琴协奏曲合集【PDF.. 本帖最后由 齐少凡 于 2013-9-17 09:23 编辑
雅科布·路德维希·费利克斯·门德尔松·巴托尔迪(德文:Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy,1809年2月3日-1847年11月4日),通称费利克斯·门德尔松,德国犹太裔作曲家,生于德国汉堡的一个富裕家庭,逝于莱比锡。门德尔松为德国浪漫乐派最具代表性的人物之一。他的《〈仲夏夜之梦〉序曲》为浪漫主义作曲家描绘神话仙境提供了先例。他独创了“无言歌”的钢琴曲体裁,对于标题音乐和钢琴艺术的发展都有着巨大的启示价值。他的审美趣味和创作天才都深刻的影响了后来的浪漫主义音乐。
Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy(1809.2.3 - 1847.11.4)德国作曲家、指挥家。 费利克斯·门德尔松1809年出生于汉堡一个富有的犹太家庭。祖父是哲学家摩西·门德尔松,父亲是成功的银行家,费利克斯在养尊处优又有文化修养的环境中成长,母亲是当时以广博的文化素养和音乐才能而闻名的钢琴家,他的钢琴启蒙课就是母亲教的。姐姐范尼·卡西里(1805-1847)是一位在钢琴和作曲方面的可造之材,而且是费利克斯珍贵的挚友。
费利克斯·门德尔松是钢琴神童,9岁就开始公开演奏,10岁时就为《诗篇19》谱曲,12岁已写出一首钢琴四重奏(op.1),14岁组织自己的私人乐队,16岁发表第一首杰作《弦乐八重奏》,17岁时完成了《仲夏夜之梦》序曲。20岁时他通过指挥《马太受难曲》在巴赫去世后的首次公开演出来宣传巴赫的作品。这是1829年,演出地点为柏林歌唱学院。引起轰动而成为闻名遐迩的指挥家。为巴赫的作品得以复生作出了重要的贡献。同年赴英国指挥伦敦爱乐乐队,这是他十次英国之行的第一次。在苏格兰度假后,以《赫布里底群岛》序曲和《苏格兰交响曲》(No.3,A小调)表现他的观感,虽然这两部作品是直到他1830-1831年访问意大利时才动笔写作的。在罗马与柏辽兹邂逅,并开始酝酿《意大利交响曲》(No.4,A大调)。下一个主要停留点是巴黎(1831-1832),在那里与李斯特和肖邦相遇。1833年返回德国,完成《意大利交响曲》并在杜塞尔多夫就任音乐总监。1835年成为莱比锡著名的布业大厅音乐会的指挥。1837年与出身于法国胡格诺教派家庭的塞西尔·让莱诺结婚。1842年与舒曼等人一起创办莱比锡音乐学院。又设法再度访问英国,在1846年的伯明翰音乐节上指挥他的清唱剧《以利亚》,取得辉煌成功。此时他的健康已是每况愈下,次年他心爱的姐姐病故,给他以沉重的打击,加速了他的死亡。他于六个月后去世。享年38岁9个月1天。
(1)在创作上,首创了高雅纯净、形式短小的钢琴曲《无词歌》(songs Without Words),它指的是那种在伴奏音型衬托下,旋律如歌的钢琴小品,像日记一样把日常感受记录下来;他对标题交响乐做出了重要贡献,创作了著名的《仲夏夜之梦》、《苏格兰交响曲》和《意大利交响曲》,把浪漫主义与古典主义的特点交织在一起,音乐既含有古典主义的逻辑性,又带有浪漫主义的幻想性;他创作的《e小调小提琴协奏曲》具有华丽的技巧与甜美的旋律,表现生活中明朗的一面,是举世公认的精品。
(2)在音乐的启蒙运动上,门德尔松使被人们遗忘了几乎一百多年的作品——巴赫的《马太受难乐》重放光芒,这是音乐史上最重大的事件之一,从此人们开始重新认识巴赫。
(3)在音乐教育上,创办了德国第一所音乐学院——莱比锡音乐学院,为后来德国音乐教育的发展打下了坚实的基础。
浪漫风格的“标题性”序曲是门德尔松最富创造性的体裁,这种体裁与舞台艺术无关,是专为音乐会的独立演奏而创作的管线乐曲,融合了古典形式和浪漫风格,保留纯音乐的严格形式,单乐章的奏鸣曲式与文学历史的情节性、大自然的景色描绘性主体相连。
[size=1.2]Felix Mendelssohn-Barthody's Piano Concerto in A minor, the product of a fertile 13-year-old mind, is so generally unknown that most references -- especially older ones -- refer to the man as having composed only two concertos for the instrument, the Concerto No. 1 in G minor of 1831 and the Concerto No. 2 in D minor of 1837 (as you can see, the A minor Concerto has never even earned its own number, as it was absent from the scene when numbers were allotted). It was composed during the spring of 1822, in between the first and second batches of string symphonies, and can be reckoned a musical melting-pot of eighteenth-century and early nineteenth-century methods and means: Haydn meets Hummel, with a just a hint of Beethoven thrown in for good measure, though it seems that the teenage Mendelssohn wasn't yet quite sure what to do with the assertive Bonn-born composer's music.
[size=1.2]The A minor Piano Concerto is in the usual three movements, all cut-and-dried and independent of one another in the traditional way (though there is an attacca from the second movement to the third). It is thus quite unlike the Piano Concerto No. 1 of nine years later, in which the movements are, famously, all connected. The first movement is marked, simply, Allegro and begins with a full orchestral exposition; it has a mildly urgent main theme made from three consecutive pick-up gestures and a second subject set in the expected key of C major. When the soloist enters it does so in dramatic fashion, with a pair of sweeping arpeggios in octaves -- a taste of the ivory-tickling, sixteenth-note-filled virtuoso manner that Mendelssohn affects throughout the movement.
[size=1.2]The slow movement is an Adagio in E major with a lovely tune that rises and then descends without much ambition beyond that, but with great innocent grace. The pianist enters with a quasi-recitative passage, a throwback, perhaps, to Mendelssohn's Recitativo in D minor of 1820.
The finale (Allegro ma non troppo) is in some ways a markedly greater achievement than the first movement; its flexible yet strong rhythmic framework and the little chromatic touches Mendelssohnthrows in from measure to measure both reveal a more confident composer. Again, the solo writing is quite demanding -- not too much of a problem for young Felix, though, as he could always ask his older sister Fanny, then a better pianist than he, to play it for him! http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/624TtHjvcMU/ 作者: 齐少凡 时间: 2013-9-14 01:51 本帖最后由 齐少凡 于 2013-9-13 13:13 编辑